Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

U. S. Mahadeva Rao ¹, San San Oo ¹, Nurul Liana Sabrin ¹, Norsyahira Syazwana Mohd Razali ¹, Khairunnisa Khalid ¹, Nurul Farihah Mohamed Nadzari ¹, Thant Zin ¹

Affiliations
1 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, MY

Abstract

Background: Modifiable Lifestyle Disease (MLD) can give rise to many complications. If left untreated, the disease can affect one's quality of life. MLD can be prevented by modifying our sedentary lifestyle and dietary practice. Introduction: Nowadays, people are aware of the effect of MLDs in their life but the treatment preferences are different among various people. Objective: This study was conducted to identify the treatment seeking behaviour (TSB) among adult populations in East coast Malaysia (Kampung Ladang Sehat, Kuala Terengganu). Method: The survey was conducted by using cross sectional-based questionnaire. The knowledge, attitude and practice among Kampung Ladang Sehat population in East Coast Malaysia with reference to correlation between socio demographic factors and MLD's TSB is studied. Conclusion: The TSB among adult population in Kampung Ladang Sehat is postulated towards down surging according to the correlation between variables used in the study.

Keywords

Modifiable Lifestyle Disease, Treatment Seeking Behaviour, Quality of Life, Dietary Practice.

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Deivendran Kalirathinam ¹, Manoj Abraham Manoharlal ², ChongLi Mei ³, Chong Kar Ling ³, Thomas Wong Yong Sheng ³, Albin Jerome ⁴, U. S. Mahadeva Rao ⁵

Affiliations
1 School of Rehabilitation, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Kuala Terengganu, MY
2 Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha University, Saveetha Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, MY
4 School of Physiotherapy, AIMST University, Semeling, MY
5 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, MY

Abstract

Background: The usage of smartphone played a significant role in everyday life especially among students. Concern has risen universally of possible musculoskeletal symptoms among smartphone users due to excessive use. Objective: To determine the prevalence of neck and upper extremity symptoms among University students who were using a smartphone. Methods: A cross - sectional survey using self - administered questionnaires were conducted on 250 undergraduate students from one of the leading university in Malaysia. Six out of 250 participants (2.4%) were excluded as they were not a smartphone user. The number of participants from two faculties, namely Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (FMHS) and Faculty of Accountancy and Management (FAM) were determined with stratified random sampling using Kish Leslie sample size formula. Results: The frequency of six measures of smartphone use was ranked from highest to lowest in order: Internet browsing and E - learning (85.20%), making phone calls (78.30%), texting and emails (77.00%), music, video, and pictures (75.40%), gaming (51.20%) and scheduling (32.80%). Out of 244 participants, 49 (20.1%) of the smartphone users were found to have developed some degree of upper extremity and neck symptoms. The prevalence of neck symptoms was the highest with 44 (18.03%) sufferers, followed by right shoulder symptoms (13.93%) and left shoulder symptoms (11.07%). Despite the symptoms experienced, only 5 (10.20%) participants received treatment while 30 participants (61.22%) claimed that they continued using the smartphone during these episodes. Conclusion: It is postulated that there is a positive relationship between smartphone usage and prevalence of upper extremity and neck symptoms. Recommendation: It is high time to disseminate the basic education on proper usage related to ergonomics is warranted to the university students to increase their awareness.

Keywords

Prevalence, Upper Extremity, Neck, Symptoms, Smartphone, Students, Six Measures Of Smartphone Use.

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Deivendran Kalirathinam ¹, Albin Jerome ², Bhagyashri Bhagwan Vichare ³, Naresh Baskar Raj ¹, U. S. Mahadeva Rao ⁴

Affiliations
1 School of Rehabilitation, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Kuala Terengganu, MY
2 School of Physiotherapy, AIMST University, Semeling, MY
3 Breach Candy Hospital, 60 A, Bhulabhai Desai Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IN
4 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, MY

Abstract

BACKGROUND OF STUDY: Novel locomotor training strategies for individuals with disorders of the central nervous system have associated with the improved locomotor function. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to find the effects of treadmill-based locomotor training with leg weights in individuals with chronic stroke. We assessed impairment and gait parameters in functional ambulation persons with chronic stroke. METHODS: We used a Pretest-posttest design. Twenty individuals with chronic stroke who were community ambulatory were recruited. Participants underwent 30-minute treadmill-based locomotor training sessions three times per week for four weeks. The training program involved treadmill walking for 30 minutes with partial body weight support as needed. Leg weights, equivalent to 5% of body weight affixed around the paretic leg. Gait parameters such as cadence, step length, and stride length and the Modified Emory Functional Ambulation Profile (mEFAP) as an outcome measures used. RESULTS: Improvements were more significant in cadence than other gait parameters such as step length and stride length. The more significant improvement was seen in step length than in stride length. In mEFAP, 5.98% improvement was seen showing enhanced the functional ambulatory capacity of participants. In Chedokemcmaster Stroke Assessment Activity Inventory, 4.27% improvement was seen. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that treadmill-based locomotor training combined with leg weights could be a feasible approach for improving the ability to perform complex walking tasks, such as stair climbing, in individuals with chronic stroke.

Keywords

Stroke, Weight Load, Treadmill, Modified Emory Functional Ambulation Profile.

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S. Illanjiam ¹, J. Sivakumar ², C. Shanmuga Sundaram ¹, U. S. Mahadeva Rao ³

Affiliations
1 PG & Research Department of Microbiology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, Chennai – 603 103, IN
2 PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, Chennai – 603 103, IN
3 Universiti Sultan ZainalAbidin, Terengganu, MY

Abstract

Production of high quality giant gourami is considered essential to prevent the disease outbreak, survival and growth at aquarium. This paper deals with the production of high quality giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy using probiotics. Materials and Methods: This experiment was designed in such way that stocking the Giant gourami in fourgroups, the first one as control without probiotics and the second as experimental with Bacillus sp, third with Lactobacillus spand the fourth as consortium; a mixture of Bacillus sp and Lactobacillus sp. Results and Discussion: The results were compared in terms of quality of Giant gourami. The fish treated with consortium exhibited highest growth rate (Body Weight-4.13+8.24 gm) and survival of 95% at Total Length– 4.23+8.47 cm stage. The upper most growth rate was noted in group IV treated daily with consortium. This treatment group improved in mean weight from 4.13 to 8.27 with an average growth rate of 0.069% per day. This was significantly better than the control group I which grew from 4.15 to 5.83 g with an average of 0.028 % per day. In the experimental tanks the water treated with probiotics played a key role in maintaining the water quality parameters and keeping the ammonia level less than 1.0 ppm. Conclusion: It was established that the use of probiotics plays a very important role in maintaining the water quality, survival and growth rate in ornamental fish forming systems.

Keywords

Bacillus sp, consortium, Giant gourami, Lactobacillus sp, Osphronemus goramy, Probiotics.

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U. S. Mahadeva Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, MY

Abstract

The enzymes that control glucose metabolism in the liver tissue are considered as potential targets forthe maintenance of normal glycemic control in diabetic individuals. Search for new drugs with more efficacies and without side effects preferably from plant origin continues. Phenyl propanoid glycoside, an eleutheroside derivative is one such phyto secondary metabolite which lacks scientific validation for its folklore use. In the present study it was aimed to systematically study the efficacyof phenyl propanoid glycoside (syringin) (5mg/kg.b.w./rat for 30 days) in the regulation of glucose homeostasis modulating theactivities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in hepatic tissues of T2DM in rats. The assay of activities of carbohydrate metabolizing key enzymes of glycolysis, and pentose phosphate and gluconeogenic pathways in hepatic tissues were performed. The altered activities of key enzymes of these pathways in hepatic tissues of diabetic rats were significantlyreverted to near normalcy upon oral treatment with syringin. In addition, oral administration of syringin to experimental diabetic groups of rats showed significant reduction in the levels of fasting bloodglucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and increased level of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. Thus, thepresent data validated that the oral administration of syringin to diabetic rats regulates glucosehomeostasis by regulating the activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes.

Keywords

Diabetes, Hemoglobin, Insulin, Streptozotocin, Syringin.

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U. S. Mahadeva Rao ¹, C. Shanmuga Sundaram ², J. Sivakumar ³

Affiliations
1 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 20400 Terengganu, MY
2 PG & Research Department of Microbiology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, Chennai–603103, IN
3 PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, Chennai–603103, IN

Abstract

Objectives: Traditional medicines are mostly depends on medicinal plants. These are considered as good resources of ingredients which can be used in drug formulation and combination. Hence the present study is to investigate the valuable pharmacological activities ofBrassica oleracea var acephala. Materials and Methods: The collected fresh foliage were washed, dried, chopped and powdered for the preparation of ethanolic crude extract. By using this ethanolic crude extract of Brassica oleracea var acephala phytochemical analysis were done. The crude extract was tested against various bacterial strains and fungal strains by Agar Well diffusion assay. Then the crude extract was subjected to GC-MS and FTIR analysis for the identification of bioactive compounds. Results: Preliminary phytochemical test showed the presence of Phenolic compounds, Tannins, Terpenoids, Phytosterol and Flavonoids.The results of the antibacterial screening of the crude extract on the S.aureus showed more inhibition. The ethanolic crude extract showed that eleven compounds were identified through GC-MS and FTIR analysis. Conclusion: Brassica oleracea var acephala has been studied and the results of the present investigation revealed that the leaf extract contained high phytochemical activity. The present study attempted to establish a relationship between ethnopharmacological claims and bioactive constituents present in Brassica oleracea var Acephala against all possible targets for cancer.

Keywords

Brassica oleracea var acephala, Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterialactivities, GC-MS Analysis, FTIR Analysis.

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J. Sivakumar ¹, C. Shanmuga Sundaram ², L. Krishnasamy ¹, U. S. Mahadeva Rao ³

Affiliations
1 PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, Chennai–603 103, IN
2 PG & Research Department of Microbiology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, Chennai–603 103, IN
3 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 20400 Terengganu, MY

Abstract

Aim:The present study is to degrade the engine oil through microbes from the industrialized areas in and around Chrompet, Chennai. Engine oil contaminated soil samples were collected from different locations of Chrompet which is located 35 KM away from Chennai. Methods:As a result of spread plate technique the microbial colonies were enumerated and three different organisms such as bacteria namely Pseudomonas sp and Bacillus sp.Actinomycetesnamely Streptomyces spand funginamely Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus nigerwereidentified. The bacterial colonies were identified by morphological and biochemical techniques using the taxonomic scheme. pH and optical density (growth rate) was determined for Pseudomonas sp, Bacillus sp, consortium (Pseudomonas sp and Bacillus sp), Streptomyces sp,Aspergillusflavus and Aspergillus nigerto the concentration from 1ml to 5ml for 16 days. Results:All the isolated microorganisms had the potential to degrade the engine oil. Comparatively the bacterial consortium had the highest potential to degrade the engine oil.Summary:This formulation may be the best solution to solve the land pollution by engine oil and also to conserve the natural environment.

Keywords

Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Bacillus sp, Consortium, Engine oil, Pseudomonas sp, Streptomyces sp.

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U. S. Mahadeva Rao ¹, Harmy Bin Mohamed Yusoff ¹

Affiliations
1 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 20400 Terengganu, MY

Abstract

Lifestyle behaviour is the cause of about 70%–80% deaths in developing countries. Risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, obesity, and poor nutrition are the major causes of mortality that are crucial for researchers and policymakers to improve health and reduce preventable deaths in the developing countries. In specific, cigarette smoking has an inverse implication with body weight or body mass index (BMI). Smoking cessation has been linked to weight gain indirectly mediated through gut and adipocyte appetite regulating hormones. This systematic review is achieved through MEDLINE search to collect the data which support this idea using PubMed, Google and MEDLINE databases.

Keywords

Association, Tobacco Smoking, Nicotine.

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Thant Zin ¹, J. Sivakumar ², C. Shanmuga Sundaram ³, U. S. Mahadeva Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Universiti Sultan ZainalAbidin, Terengganu, MY
2 Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, Chennai – 603 103, IN
3 Department of Microbiology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, Chennai – 603 103, IN

Abstract

Introduction: <i>In silico</i> analysis of the bioactive compound betuline from the fiddler crab, Uca annulipes and its antimicrobial activities were studied. The fiddler crabs, Uca annulipes were collected from Muttukadu Estuary located on the Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India, 35 K.M away from Chennai, on the East Coast Road route to Kovalam. Materials and Methods: Fiddler crabs were collected by hand picking method. From the muscle mass of the Crab the bioactive compound was isolated by GC-MS analysis. Molecular docking was performed to identify the protein ligand responsible for the affinity with lung cancer causing tumour cells. Results and Discussion: Hence betuline is the potential lead molecule for the inhibition of lung cancer protein and the most important residues for potential drug target as carbon hydrogen bond, conventional hydrogen bond and Vander Waals interaction. In vitro studies of antimicrobial activities clearly indicated that the different concentrations of betuline bioactive compound have the potential to control the bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro studies of anticancer activities also evidently showed the different concentrations of bioactive compound betuline have the potential to control the proliferation of lung cancer cells. Conclusion: Reports are very scanty on this species studied and the reports are very old and hence this present investigation would give latest information on the isolation of bioactive compound for the production of pharmaceutical drugs against the lung cancer. These results will be decisive factor for determining a lead bioactive compound for further drug discovery process for the lung cancer.

Keywords

Betuline, Escherichia coli, Lung Cancer, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Uca annulipes.

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Thant Zin ¹, J. Sivakumar ², C. Shanmuga Sundaram ³, U. S. Mahadeva Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, MY
2 Research Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College of Arts and Science, Padur, Chennai – 603103, IN
3 Research Department of Microbiology, Hindustan College of Arts and Science, Padur, Chennai – 603103, IN

Abstract

Aim: The present investigation gives a detailed report on the analysis of the bioactive compound isolated from the sand crab Emerita asiatica is having better relation with vasoconstriction. Methods: The sand crab Emerita asiatica were collected from Thiruvidandhai beach located on the Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India, 41 K.M away from Chennai, on the East Coast Road route to Mahabalipuram. Sand crabs were collected by hand picking method. From the muscle mass of the Crab the organic compound was isolated by GC-MS analysis. Molecular docking was also performed to identify the protein ligand responsible for the constriction of blood vessels. Results: The isolated bioactive compound was identified as phenylephrine, an α1 adrenergic receptor which has the potential to lead the molecule for the vasoconstriction. In vitro studies of antibacterial activities clearly indicated that the different concentrations of phenylephrine have the antibacterial activity against the bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Summary: The present investigation would give latest information on the isolation of bioactive compound for the production of pharmaceutical drugs from marine organisms. These results will be decisive factor for determining a lead bioactive compound for further drug discovery process for the vasoconstriction.

Keywords

Emerita asiatica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Phenylephrine, Staphylococcus aureus, Vasoconstriction.

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